This quote suggests that the real wealth of a nation is not measured by its material possessions or natural resources, but by its people, their hard work, and their industriousness. It underlines the idea that it is the citizens, their skills, their labor, and their productivity that truly contribute to a nation’s prosperity and growth.

The ‘number of inhabitants’ refers to the human capital, which is a critical factor in economic development. A larger population can mean more workers, more consumers, and more innovators, all of which can potentially boost a nation’s economy. However, quantity alone is not enough; the quality of the population, in terms of their skills, education, health, and productivity (their ‘toil and industry’), is equally, if not more, important.

In today’s world, this concept is more relevant than ever. Countries are investing heavily in education, health, and skills development of their citizens, recognizing that human capital is a key driver of economic growth. For example, the success of tech giants like Google and Apple is largely due to their highly skilled and innovative workforce.

On a personal level, this quote can be a reminder of the value of hard work and continuous self-improvement. Just as a country’s wealth is built on the industry of its citizens, individual success and prosperity are often the result of dedication, effort, and a commitment to learning and growth. It encourages us to see ourselves as valuable assets and to invest in our own skills and capabilities.

In conclusion, this quote emphasizes that true wealth, whether for a state or an individual, comes from the ability to work hard, to continually learn and improve, and to contribute productively to society.