This quote suggests that when a person or society adopts an extreme stance or position on a particular issue, the reaction to this is not a return to a moderate or balanced viewpoint, but rather a swing to an equally extreme position in the opposite direction. This can be understood as a pendulum effect, where the momentum of one extreme viewpoint carries over into the creation of its polar opposite.

In essence, Nietzsche is pointing out the potential dangers of extremism, as it often leads to the rise of counter-extremism, rather than a balanced, rational perspective. This might be due to the emotional intensity and rigid thinking associated with extreme viewpoints, which can provoke equally strong reactions from those who disagree.

Applying this concept to today’s world, we can see this dynamic in politics, social issues, and even personal development. In politics, for instance, a regime with extreme right-wing policies might be followed by one with extreme left-wing policies, rather than a more moderate government. The same can occur with social issues, where an extreme stance on one end of the spectrum can provoke an equally extreme reaction on the other end.

In terms of personal development, this quote could serve as a reminder of the importance of balance and moderation. If one pursues an extreme path, whether it’s workaholism, extreme fitness, or complete self-denial, the reaction might not be a return to a balanced lifestyle, but a swing to the opposite extreme, such as burnout, health issues, or self-indulgence. Therefore, it might be more beneficial to aim for balance and moderation from the start, rather than swinging between extremes.